GMMR - Global Multimedia Review

IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA ON INTERNATIONAL IMAGE OF PAKISTAN AN EXTENSIVE REVIEW OF LITERATURE

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmmr.2021(IV-I).03 10.31703/gmmr.2021(IV-I).03
Authored by : Summaiya Chaudhry , Imran Ashraf , Noor Fatima

03 Pages : 20-27

References

Hackett, R. A. (2009). Decline of a paradigm? Bias and objectivity in news media studies. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 1(3), 229- 259. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295038409360 036
Hackett, R. A., & Zhao, Y. (1996). Journalistic objectivity and social change. A Journal of Social Justice, 8(1), 5- 11. https://doi.org/10.1080/104026596084259 23
Hungbo, J. (2007). Credible news measures: A medium's integrity. Nebula, 4(1), 276-284.
Hunter, R. (2020). Education in Pakistan. WENR. https://wenr.wes.org/2020/0 2/education-in-pakistan
Keller, B. (2013). Is Glenn Greenwald the future of news? New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/28/ opinion/a-conversation-in-lieu-of-a- column.html
Lee, E.-J. (2012). That's not the way it is: How user- generated comments on the news affect perceived media bias. Journal of Computer- Mediated Communication, 18(1), 32- 45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083- 6101.2012.01597.x
Manuel, S. (2013). Charting Pakistan's media credibility. Journalism Pakistan. http://www.journalismpakistan.com/ Charting-Pakistans-media-credibility
Maras, S. (2013). Objectivity in Journalism. Polity Press.
McLeod, D. M., Wise, D., & Perryman, M. (2017). Thinking about the media: A review of theory and research on media perceptions, media effects perceptions, and their consequences. Review of Communication Research, 5, 35- 83. https://doi.org/10.12840/issn.2255- 4165.2017.05.01.013
Metzger, M. J., Flanagin, A. J., Eyal, K., Lemus, D. R., & McCann, R. M. (2003). Credibility for the 21st century: Integrating perspectives on source, message, and media credibility in the contemporary media environment. Annals of the International Communication Association, 27(1), 293- 335. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2003.1 1679029
Panday, P. K. (2009). Does globalization affect media role in a democratic country? Bangladesh perspective. Journal Media and Communication Studies, 1(2), 33- 42. https://academicjournals.org/journal/JMCS /article-full-text-pdf/A8D7A5D10110
Quackenbush, D. (2013). Public perceptions of media bias: A meta-analysis of American media outlets during the 2012 presidential election. Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 4(2), 52- 65. https://www.elon.edu/u/academics/commu nications/journal/wp- content/uploads/sites/153/2017/06/05DanielQ uackenbushEJFall13.pdf
Schudson, M. (2001). The objectivity norm in American journalism. Journalism, 2(2), 149- 170. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849010020 0201
Shabbir, A. (2020). Corrupt people used media to hide their corruption: PM Khan. https://www.samaa.tv/news/pakistan/20 20/04/corrupt-people-used-media-to-hide- their-corruption-pm-khan/
Shirikov, A. (2020). Is trust in media decreasing? Evidence from the World Values Survey. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.37 54404
Soon, C., & How Tan, T. (2016). The media freedom-credibility paradox. Media Asia, 43(3-4), 176- 190. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2016.1 276315
StrÃƒÂ¶mbÃƒÂ¤ck, J., Tsfati, Y., Boomgaarden, H., Damstra, A., Lindgren, E., Vliegenthart, R., & Lindholm, T. (2020). News media trust and its impact on media use: Toward a framework for future research. Annals of the International Communication Association, 44(2), 139- 156. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1 755338 Google Scholar
Sumbal, M. A. (2011). Yellow journalism and the curse of corruption in Pakistan's media. https://www.journalism.co.uk/news- features/-yellow-journalism-and-the-curse-of- corruption-in-pakistan-s-media/s5/a543400/

References

Hackett, R. A. (2009). Decline of a paradigm? Bias and objectivity in news media studies. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 1(3), 229- 259. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295038409360 036
Hackett, R. A., & Zhao, Y. (1996). Journalistic objectivity and social change. A Journal of Social Justice, 8(1), 5- 11. https://doi.org/10.1080/104026596084259 23
Hungbo, J. (2007). Credible news measures: A medium's integrity. Nebula, 4(1), 276-284.
Hunter, R. (2020). Education in Pakistan. WENR. https://wenr.wes.org/2020/0 2/education-in-pakistan
Keller, B. (2013). Is Glenn Greenwald the future of news? New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/28/ opinion/a-conversation-in-lieu-of-a- column.html
Lee, E.-J. (2012). That's not the way it is: How user- generated comments on the news affect perceived media bias. Journal of Computer- Mediated Communication, 18(1), 32- 45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083- 6101.2012.01597.x
Manuel, S. (2013). Charting Pakistan's media credibility. Journalism Pakistan. http://www.journalismpakistan.com/ Charting-Pakistans-media-credibility
Maras, S. (2013). Objectivity in Journalism. Polity Press.
McLeod, D. M., Wise, D., & Perryman, M. (2017). Thinking about the media: A review of theory and research on media perceptions, media effects perceptions, and their consequences. Review of Communication Research, 5, 35- 83. https://doi.org/10.12840/issn.2255- 4165.2017.05.01.013
Metzger, M. J., Flanagin, A. J., Eyal, K., Lemus, D. R., & McCann, R. M. (2003). Credibility for the 21st century: Integrating perspectives on source, message, and media credibility in the contemporary media environment. Annals of the International Communication Association, 27(1), 293- 335. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2003.1 1679029
Panday, P. K. (2009). Does globalization affect media role in a democratic country? Bangladesh perspective. Journal Media and Communication Studies, 1(2), 33- 42. https://academicjournals.org/journal/JMCS /article-full-text-pdf/A8D7A5D10110
Quackenbush, D. (2013). Public perceptions of media bias: A meta-analysis of American media outlets during the 2012 presidential election. Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 4(2), 52- 65. https://www.elon.edu/u/academics/commu nications/journal/wp- content/uploads/sites/153/2017/06/05DanielQ uackenbushEJFall13.pdf
Schudson, M. (2001). The objectivity norm in American journalism. Journalism, 2(2), 149- 170. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849010020 0201
Shabbir, A. (2020). Corrupt people used media to hide their corruption: PM Khan. https://www.samaa.tv/news/pakistan/20 20/04/corrupt-people-used-media-to-hide- their-corruption-pm-khan/
Shirikov, A. (2020). Is trust in media decreasing? Evidence from the World Values Survey. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.37 54404
Soon, C., & How Tan, T. (2016). The media freedom-credibility paradox. Media Asia, 43(3-4), 176- 190. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2016.1 276315
StrÃƒÂ¶mbÃƒÂ¤ck, J., Tsfati, Y., Boomgaarden, H., Damstra, A., Lindgren, E., Vliegenthart, R., & Lindholm, T. (2020). News media trust and its impact on media use: Toward a framework for future research. Annals of the International Communication Association, 44(2), 139- 156. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1 755338 Google Scholar
Sumbal, M. A. (2011). Yellow journalism and the curse of corruption in Pakistan's media. https://www.journalism.co.uk/news- features/-yellow-journalism-and-the-curse-of- corruption-in-pakistan-s-media/s5/a543400/